Acute kidney Injury

Acute Kidney Injury is a sudden decline in kidney function occurring over hours or days, leading to accumulation of waste products, fluid imbalance, and electrolyte disturbances. It is often reversible if diagnosed and treated early.

Causes:

• Severe dehydration or blood loss
• Sepsis or severe infections
• Certain medications or toxins
• Heart failure or low blood pressure
• Urinary obstruction (stones, prostate enlargement)
• Major surgeries or trauma

Symptoms:

• Reduced urine output
• Swelling in legs or face
• Fatigue and confusion
• Nausea or vomiting
• Shortness of breath
• Irregular heartbeat due to electrolyte imbalance

Treatment:

• Treat underlying cause
• IV fluids and electrolyte correction
• Medication adjustments
• Temporary dialysis in severe cases
• Close monitoring in hospital

Conclusion:

Early recognition and prompt treatment can restore kidney function and prevent progression to chronic kidney disease.